Table 3 |
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|
Summary of Bradford Hill test results |
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|
Bradford Hill Guideline |
Explanation |
Result |
|
|
|
|||
|
1 |
Strength |
numbers large enough not to be chance observation |
yes |
|
2 |
Consistency |
association observed by different persons, in different places and times |
yes |
|
3 |
Specificity |
association limited to specific people/areas/effects |
yes |
|
4 |
Temporality |
effects occur after exposure |
yes |
|
5 |
Biological gradient |
association has biological gradient or dose-response relationship |
yes |
|
6 |
Plausibility |
suspected causation fits biological knowledge of the day |
no |
|
7 |
Coherence |
suspected causation accords with natural history and biology |
no |
|
8 |
Experiment/animal studies |
other experimental evidence available |
not available |
|
9 |
Analogy |
similar evidence from other studies |
yes |
|
|
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|
Fairlie Environmental Health 2009 8:43 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-43 |
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