Research
Respiratory symptoms in children living near busy roads and their relationship to vehicular traffic: results of an Italian multicenter study (SIDRIA 2)
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* Corresponding author: Enrica Migliore enrica.migliore@cpo.it
1 Cancer Epidemiology Unit, AOU San Giovanni Battista Hospital – Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO Piedmont) and University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy
2 Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Piedmont Region, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
3 Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University Wellington Campus, PO Box 756 Wellington 6140 NZ
4 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy
5 Department of Epidemiology, Rome/E Local Health Authority, Via di S. Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy
6 Department of Pediatrics, "Regina Margherita" Children's Hospital, University of Turin, P.zza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
7 I Pediatric Clinic, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11,70124 Bari, Italy
8 Department of Statistics, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 59, 50134 Florence, Italy
9 Unit of Biostatistics, Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO), Via San Salvi 12, 50135 Florence, Italy
10 Epidemiology Unit, Local Health Authority, Corso Italia 19, 20122 Milan, Italy
11 Unit of Pneumology and Allergology, Local Health Authority TO-2, Lungo Dora Savona 26, 10152 Turin, Italy
12 Unit of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO), Via San Salvi 12, 50135 Florence, Italy
13 Department of Prevention, Rome/G Local Health Authority – Tivoli Corso Garibaldi 7, 00034 Colleferro (Rome), Italy
14 Unit of Preventive Medicine, Local Health Authority, Via Trento 6, 46100 Mantova, Italy
15 Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 3, 53100 Siena, Italy
16 Department of Respiratory Physiology, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
17 CNR Institutes of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, and of Clinical Physiology, Pisa. Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
Environmental Health 2009, 8:27 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-27
Published: 18 June 2009Additional files
Additional file 1:
Wording of the traffic questions. The table reports the exact wording of the questions on exposure to traffic.
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Additional file 2:
Traffic exposure in the whole SIDRIA 2 sample. Frequency (numbers and percentages) of reported exposure by each traffic indicator.
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Additional file 3:
Associations between traffic indicators and selected respiratory symptoms. The table shows the results of the associations (odds ratios) for: 1. different asthma symptoms; 2. light and severe asthma symptoms; 3. symptoms of cough or phlegm of different duration (1–2 months per year and 3 or more months per year).
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Additional file 4:
Associations between exposure to car transit and respiratory symptoms, by several characteristics. The figure reports the associations (OR and 95% CI) between exposure to car transit (continuous vs never/sometimes) and asthma symptoms and cough or phlegm by different factors (age, gender, latitude, level of urbanization, parental education, indoor mould/dampness, change of residence, floor of the apartment, passive smoke at home, parental asthma or allergies). All ORs were adjusted for potential confounder, excluding the stratification factor. Statistical significance (p values) of the interaction terms are reported.
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Additional file 5:
Characteristics of subjects geocoded in the city of Turin. Distribution of frequencies in subgroups linked and not linked with traffic measurements.
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Additional file 6:
Characteristics of subjects (cities of Turin, Milan and Rome) included in the internal validation analysis. Description of the whole sample (N = 9,034) and of the subgroup of subjects that could be matched by census block (N = 2,446) for "cough or phlegm".
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Additional file 7:
Characteristics of subjects (cities of Turin, Milan and Rome) included in the internal validation analysis. Reported exposure to traffic in the whole sample (first column). For the symptom of "cough or phlegm", exposure to traffic in the subgroups of subjects that could be matched by census block (in which at least one symptomatic and one asymptomatic subject were living), and in the subgroups of subjects living in census blocks where only asymptomatic subjects and only symptomatic subjects were present.
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Additional file 8:
Associations between traffic indicators in the overall sample (n = 33,632), by source of information. SIDRIA 2. Table A: for both age groups (6–7 years and 13–14 years), information on exposure and symptoms are those reported by parents. Table B: for the younger age group (6–7 years), information on exposure and symptoms are those reported by parents, while for the older age group (13–14 years), the exposure is reported by parents and symptoms are reported by adolescents.
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