Table 1 |
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|
Descriptive statistics for birth weight, small for gestational age and preterm births by socio-demographics and mother characteristics among all singleton births born in Eastern Massachusetts between 1996 and 2002 |
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| Categorical variables |
All births (% of total) |
Mean birth weight (in grams) (SD) |
Small for gestational age N (%) |
Preterm birth N (%) |
Comparison group (≥ 37 weeks; ≥ 2500 grams) N (%) |
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|
|
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| Mother race |
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| White |
75.3 |
3463 |
(545) |
32103 |
76.2 |
22160 |
66.8 |
266329 |
76.0 |
| African-American |
7.4 |
3236 |
(638) |
2938 |
7.0 |
3994 |
12.0 |
24530 |
7.0 |
| Asian |
6.0 |
3241 |
(510) |
2471 |
5.9 |
2194 |
6.6 |
20900 |
6.0 |
| Hispanic |
11.0 |
3306 |
(565) |
4531 |
10.8 |
4730 |
14.3 |
37691 |
10.8 |
| Native American |
0.2 |
3371 |
(581) |
66 |
0.2 |
68 |
0.2 |
537 |
0.2 |
| Missing |
0.1 |
3426 |
(622) |
0 |
0 |
38 |
0.1 |
417 |
0.1 |
| Mother education |
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| Primary and secondary (≤ 8 years) |
2.6 |
3296 |
(561) |
1307 |
3.1 |
1126 |
3.4 |
8073 |
2.3 |
| High school (>8 – 12 years) |
29.0 |
3338 |
(576) |
15190 |
36.1 |
11453 |
34.5 |
96981 |
27.7 |
| Some college (13 – 15 years) |
39.9 |
3481 |
(533) |
13354 |
31.7 |
11012 |
33.2 |
145698 |
41.6 |
| College or postgraduate |
22.6 |
3433 |
(562) |
9118 |
21.7 |
7269 |
21.9 |
79975 |
22.8 |
| (≥ 16 years) |
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| Missing |
5.9 |
3333 |
(573) |
3140 |
7.5 |
2324 |
7.0 |
19677 |
5.6 |
| APNCU |
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| None |
0.6 |
3267 |
(714) |
251 |
0.6 |
337 |
1.0 |
1825 |
0.5 |
| Inadequate |
7.8 |
3308 |
(571) |
4511 |
10.7 |
3147 |
9.5 |
25652 |
7.3 |
| Intermediate |
8.0 |
3487 |
(509) |
3842 |
9.1 |
1036 |
3.1 |
28985 |
8.3 |
| Appropriate |
48.1 |
3507 |
(487) |
20185 |
47.9 |
3263 |
9.8 |
181619 |
51.8 |
| Appropriate plus |
35.5 |
3301 |
(627) |
13320 |
31.6 |
25401 |
76.5 |
112323 |
32.1 |
| Mother age at birth |
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| <20 |
8.9 |
3246 |
(565) |
5616 |
13.3 |
4020 |
12.1 |
28308 |
8.1 |
| 20 – 29 |
36.6 |
3389 |
(550) |
16783 |
39.9 |
12007 |
36.2 |
127149 |
36.3 |
| 30 – 34 |
33.7 |
3465 |
(546) |
12143 |
28.8 |
10017 |
30.2 |
121240 |
34.6 |
| 35 – 39 |
17.4 |
3462 |
(574) |
6196 |
14.7 |
5762 |
17.4 |
61997 |
17.7 |
| >39 |
3.4 |
3422 |
(600) |
1371 |
3.3 |
1378 |
4.2 |
11710 |
3.3 |
| Number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy (per day) |
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| None |
90.0 |
3438 |
(555) |
33410 |
79.3 |
29001 |
87.4 |
320511 |
91.5 |
| Any amount |
9.8 |
3208 |
(558) |
8655 |
20.6 |
4115 |
12.4 |
29301 |
8.4 |
| Missing |
0.2 |
3369 |
(648) |
44 |
0.1 |
68 |
0.2 |
592 |
0.2 |
| Number of cigarettes smoked before pregnancy (per day) |
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| None |
83.0 |
3437 |
(556) |
30580 |
72.6 |
26896 |
81.1 |
295766 |
84.4 |
| Any amount |
16.6 |
3309 |
(566) |
11398 |
27.1 |
6120 |
18.4 |
53238 |
15.2 |
| Missing |
0.4 |
3384 |
(620) |
131 |
0.3 |
168 |
0.5 |
1400 |
0.4 |
| Previous infant ≥ 4000 grams |
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| None |
98.6 |
3411 |
(556) |
41851 |
99.4 |
32730 |
98.6 |
344956 |
98.4 |
| Yes |
0.9 |
3938 |
(546) |
63 |
0.1 |
175 |
0.5 |
3626 |
1.0 |
| Missing |
0.5 |
3355 |
(712) |
195 |
0.5 |
279 |
0.8 |
1822 |
0.5 |
| Previous preterm birth |
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| None |
98.6 |
3419 |
(556) |
41256 |
98.0 |
31946 |
96.3 |
346553 |
98.9 |
| Yes |
0.9 |
3011 |
(678) |
658 |
1.6 |
959 |
2.9 |
2029 |
0.6 |
| Missing |
0.5 |
3355 |
(712) |
195 |
0.5 |
279 |
0.8 |
1822 |
0.5 |
| Gender of infant |
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| Male |
51.2 |
3473 |
(572) |
21631 |
51.4 |
18172 |
54.8 |
178071 |
50.8 |
| Female |
48.8 |
3355 |
(540) |
20478 |
48.6 |
15012 |
45.2 |
172333 |
49.2 |
|
|
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|
APNCU – adequacy of prenatal care utilization; N – number; SD – standard deviation |
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|
Zeka et al. Environmental Health 2008 7:60 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-60 |
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