Table 1 |
||||
|
Time-series studies of short-term health effects of air pollution after 2000 |
||||
| Study |
Pollutant |
Population |
Methodology |
Main findings |
|
|
||||
| Czech Republic and rural region in Germany [83] |
TSP |
Mortality 1982–1994 |
Poisson regression (GAM) |
Czech Republic: 3.8% increase (95% CI: 0.8%, 9.6%) per 100 μg/m3; No evidence for association in the rural area in German at the Czech border. |
|
|
||||
| 10 US cities [84] |
PM10 |
Mortality 1986–1993 |
Poisson regression (GAM) |
0.67% increases for a 10 μg/m3 (95% CI: 0.52%, 0.81%). No difference between summer and winter. |
|
|
||||
| New Zealand [85] |
PM10 |
Mortality Jun 1988–Dec 1993 |
Poisson regression (GAM) |
1% increase for all-cause mortality (95% CI: 0.5%, 2.2%); 4% increase for respiratory
diseases (95% CI: 1.5%, 5.9%) |
|
|
||||
| 10 US cities [21] |
PM10 |
Mortality 1986–1993 |
Distributed lag model (GAM) |
1.4% (95% CI: 1.15%, 1.68%) increase for 10 μg/m3 on a single day using a quadratic distributed lag model; 1.3% increase (95% CI: 1.04%,
1.56%) using an unstrained lag model |
|
|
||||
| 20 US cities [2] |
PM10, O3, SO2, CO, NO2 |
Mortality 1987–1994 |
Poisson regression (GAM) |
PM10: 0.51% increase (95% CI: 0.07%, 0.93%) per 10 μg/m3 for all causes; 0.68% increase per 10 μg/m3 for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases (95% CI: 0.20%, 1.16%) O3: weaker evidence during the summer; Other pollutants: no evidence |
|
|
||||
| Hong Kong [86] |
PM10, SO2 |
Morality 1995–1998 |
Poisson regression (GAM) |
Significant associations were found between mortalities for all respiratory diseases
and ischaemic heart diseases (IDH). The increases for all respiratory mortalities
(for a 10 μg/m3 increase in the concentration) are 0.8% (95% CI: 0.1%, 1.4%) for PM10 and 1.5% (95% CI: 0.1%, 2.9%) for SO2 ; the increases for IDH are 0.9% (95% CI: 0.0%, 1.8%) for O3 and 2.8% (95% CI: 1.2%, 4.4%) for SO2. |
|
|
||||
| Seoul Korea[87] |
PM10 |
Mortality 1995–1999 |
Poisson regression (GAM) |
3.7% increase (95% CI: 2.1%, 5.4%) for non-accident causes, 13.9% increase (95% CI:
6.8%, 21.5%) for respiratory disease, 4.4% increase (95% CI: -1.0%, 9.0%) for cardiovascular
disease and 6.3% increase (95% CI: 2.3%, 10.5%) for cerebrovascular disease per IQR
increase of PM10 (43.12 μg/m3) |
|
|
||||
| Shanghai, China [88] |
PM10, SO2, NO2 |
Mortality Jun 2000 to Dec 2001 |
Poisson regression (GAM) |
0.3% increase (95% CI: 0.1%, 0.5%) for PM10, 1.4% increase (95% CI: 0.8%, 2.0%) for SO2 and 1.5% increase (95% CI: 0.8%, 2.2%) for NO2 per 10 μg/m3 |
|
|
||||
| Brisbane, Australia [89] |
BSP, O3, SO2, NO2 |
Hospital admission 1987–1994 |
Poisson regression (GLM) |
BSP: 1.5% increase (95% CI: 0.6%, 2.3%) for respiratory diseases per 24-hr 10-5/m increase. O3: 2.3% increase (95% CI: 0.6%, 2.3%) for respiratory disease per 8-hr unit increase. SO2: 8.0% increase (95% CI: 3.0%, 13.1%) for respiratory disease per 24-hr unit increase. NO2: -0.1% increase (95% CI: -0.3%, 0.2%) for respiratory disease per 1-hr-max unit increase. |
|
|
||||
| Brazil [90] |
PM10, O3, SO2, CO, NO2 |
Respiratory disease Hospital admission 1993–1997 |
Distributed lag model |
9.4% increase (95% CI: 7.9%, 10.9%) for 2 or less years old group and 7.0% (95% CI:
5.7%, 8.2%) for all age group per IQR PM10 increase (35 μg/m3); 1.6% increase (95% CI: 0.1%, 3.0%) for 2 or less years old group and 0.8% (95% CI: -7.5%, 9.2%) for all age group per IQR O3 increase (46 μg/m3); 5.9% increase (95% CI: 4.5%, 7.4%) for 2 or less years old group and 4.5% (95% CI: 3.3%, 5.8%) for all age group per IQR SO2 increase (14 μg/m3); 5.0% increase (95% CI: 3.3%, 6.8%) for 2 or less years old group and 4.9% (95% CI: 3.5%, 6.4%) for all age group per IQR CO increase (3 ppm); 9.4% increase (95% CI: 6.2%, 12.6%) for 2 or less years old group and 6.5% (95% CI: 3.3%, 9.7%) for all age group per IQR NO2 increase (80 μg/m3); |
|
|
||||
|
Ren and Tong Environmental Health 2008 7:56 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-56 |
||||
