Table 1

Traffic indicators examined for GIS-based LUR models.

Indicator type
Indicator
Units

Cumulative density scores:
Unweighted density within: 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 m buffers
Vehicle-meters/per day/m2

Kernel-weighted density: 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 m buffers
Vehicle-meters/per day/m2

Density of urban roads (> 8500 cars/day) within 200 m
Vehicle-meters/per day/m2
Summary measures:
Total roadway length within: 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 m
Meters

Total ADT*Length (VMT) within 200 m
Vehicle-meters per day
Distance-based measures:
Distance to nearest urban road (>8500 cars/day)
Meters

To nearest major road (>13,000 cars/day)
Meters

To nearest highway (>19,000 cars/day)
Meters

To nearest MHD-designated truck route
Meters
Characteristics of nearest major road:
Average daily traffic (ADT)
Vehicles/day

ADT/Distance to major road
(Vehicles/day)/m

Diesel fraction
Percent (%)

Trucks per day
Vehicles/day

Trucks/Distance to major road
(Vehicles/day)/m

Clougherty et al. Environmental Health 2008 7:17   doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-17