Table 2

Metals and metalloids in urine and serum in two consecutive investigations


Variable
N
Median
5%-value
95%-value
Spearman correlation coefficient (p)
ICC
ICC 5%-value

As in urine (μg/L)
2003/04
201
3.10
0.70
9.30
0.28 (0.0001)
-0.06
-0.18

2004/05
189
2.90
0.80
8.90



Cd in urine (μg/L)
2003/04
201
0.60
0.15
2.15
0.48 (< 0.0001)
0.44
0.34

2004/05
189
0.70
0.27
1.91



Creatinine in morning urine (g/L)
2003/04
201
0.72
0.15
1.80
-0.06 (0.40)
-0.47
-0.56

2004/05
189
0.75
0.10
1.95



Pb in blood (μg/L)
2003/04
201
90.90
47.10
213.00
0.70 (< 0.0001)
0.69
0.62

2004/05
189
85.00
39.10
203.00



Se in serum (μg/L)
2003/04
201
56.90
36.00
78.50
0.45 (< 0.0001)
0.17
0.05

2004/05
189
72.10
46.40
95.70




The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is the between- subject minus the within- subject variance as a ratio to the sum of the two variances. A positive value of, for instance, 0.60 indicates that 60% of the variation is due to between-subject and 40% due to within-subject variance. ICC can become negative when the within-subject variance exceeds the between-subject variance.

Karmaus et al. Environmental Health 2008 7:11   doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-11