Table 3 |
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Studies reporting breath pH among healthy subjects. |
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|
Reference |
Subjects |
Central tendency |
Range |
CV |
Comments |
|
|
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|
Children: |
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|
Carpagnano et al 2004. [23] |
15 healthy children with mean age 7 yr |
Mean (SE): 7.85 (0.02) |
NR; estimated 7.6 – 8.2 from Figure 1A |
CV = 0.04% from 6 adult controls |
Samples de-aerated |
|
Carraro et al 2005 [31] |
10 healthy children with mean age 10 yr |
Median (IQR): 7.85 (7.80 – 7.90) |
NR; estimated 7.7 – 8.0 from Fig 2 |
NR |
Samples de-aerated |
|
MacGregor et al 2005 [32] |
47 healthy control children of mean age 16 yr |
Median: 5.90 |
5.00–7.30 |
NR |
Samples not de-aerated |
|
Nicolaou et al 2006 [30] |
562 8-year old children from unselected population-based birth cohort |
Median (IQR): 7.77 (7.59–7.87) |
Range for normal subjects not reported. For all subjects (including 54 asthmatics and 562 normals): 4.40–8.29 |
NR |
Bimodal distribution that "could not be normalized"; samples de-aerated |
|
Rosias et al 2004 [33] |
9 control children with mean age 9 yr |
Median (SEM): 8.11 (0.07) de-aerated 6.64 (0.05) non-de-aerated |
NR |
NR |
pH reported both before and after de-aeration |
|
Adults: |
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|
Borrill et al 2005 [34] |
12 healthy adults with mean age 26 yr |
Mean (95%CI): 7.61 (7.52 – 7.70) |
NR |
NRa |
Samples de-aerated |
|
Carpagnano et al 2005a [24] |
15 healthy adults with mean age 35 yr |
Mean (SD): 7.85 (0.14) |
NR; estimated 7.6–8.2 from Fig IC |
CV = 0.4% in 10 healthy adults |
Samples de-aerated |
|
Carpagnano et al 2005b [17] |
7 healthy adults with mean age 42 yr |
Mean (SEM): 7.9 (0.1) |
NR; Estimated 7.8–8.2 from Fig 3C |
CV = 0.4% in 10 healthy adultsb |
Samples de-aerated |
|
Corradi et al 2002. [5] |
22 healthy adults with mean age 30 yr, grouped by NQO1 and GSTM1 genotype |
Meanc: Group 1 (NQO1wild type and GSTM1null): 7.91 Group 2 (all other genotypes): 8.01 |
Group 1 (NQO1wild type and GSTM1 null): 7.70 – 8.08 Group 2 (all other genotypes): 7.80–8.11 |
NR |
Samples apparently de-aerated following procedures in Hunt 2001 |
|
Gessner et al 2003 [35] |
12 healthy adults with mean age 57 |
Mean (SD): 7.46 (0.48) |
NR |
NR |
Samples de-aerated |
|
Hunt et al 2000 [25] |
19 healthy subjects with mean age 20.5 |
Mean (SE): 7.65 (0.20) |
NR; estimated 4.6 – 8.5 from Fig 1 |
CV = 3.3% from 6 normals and 3 asthmatics; CV in normals not reported |
Samples de-aerated |
|
Kostikas et al 2002 [18] |
10 healthy adult controls with mean age 34 yr |
Mean (95%CI): 7.57 (7.51–7.60) |
NR; estimated 7.4 – 7.75 from Fig 1A |
NR |
Samples de-aerated |
|
Niimi et al 2004 [36] |
16 healthy adults with mean age 43 yr |
Mean (SD): 8.26 (0.20) |
NR; estimated 7.8 – 8.6 from Fig 1 |
NR |
Samples de-aerated |
|
Ojoo et al 2005 [37] |
15 healthy adults with mean age 39 yr |
Median (IQR): 6.08 (5.58–6.64) |
NR; estimated 5.6 – 6.7 from Fig 2 |
NR |
Samples not de-aerated |
|
Paget-Brown et al 2006 [29] |
404 healthy children and adults from 0 to >71 yr of age |
Mean: 7.85 Median (IQR): 8.0 (7.8 – 8.1); In 11 to 20 yr olds (n = 163): Median (IQR): 8.0(7.8–8.1) Mean (SD): 7.8 (0.7) |
4.5–8.4 |
NR |
Samples de-aerated |
|
Tate et al 2002 [38] |
12 healthy adults with mean age 33 yr |
Mean (SD): 6.15 (0.16) |
NR; estimated 5.8 – 6.5 from Fig. 1 |
NRd |
Samples not de-aerated |
|
Vaughan et al 2003 [22] |
76 healthy adults with mean age 21 yr |
Mean (SD): 7.70 (0.49) |
NR |
Mean CV = 4.5%; by subject, CV = 0.9 – 20% |
Samples de-aerated |
|
|
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CV = coefficient of variation NR = not reported a reports "limits of agreement" using Bland-Altman methods to assess reproducibility b appears to be reporting the same CV estimate as in Carpagnano 2005a c breath pH measurement at baseline (before exposure to ozone) d reports "coefficient of acceptability" as 0.08 pH units |
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Ferdinands et al. Environmental Health 2008 7:10 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-10 |
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