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Summary of near-highway health effects studies |
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| Citation |
Location |
Highway traffic intensitya |
Pollutants measuredb |
Distance from highway |
Health Outcomes |
Statistical associatione |
|
|
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| Schwartz et al. 2005 (22) |
Boston |
NA |
PM2.5, BC, CO |
NA |
Heart rate variability |
Decreases in measures of heart rate variability |
| Adar et al. 2007 (23) |
St. Louis, Missouri |
NA |
PM2.5, BC, UFP |
On highway in busses |
Heart rate variability |
Decreases in measures of heart rate variability |
| Hoek et al. 2002 (24) |
Netherlands |
NA |
BC, NO2 |
Continuous d |
Cardio-pulmonary mortality, lung cancer |
1.41 OR for living near road |
| Tonne et al. 2007 (41) |
Worchester, Mass. |
NA |
PM2.5 |
Continuous d |
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) |
5% increase in odds of AMI |
| Venn et al. 2001 (49) |
Nottingham, UK |
NA |
NA |
Continuous d |
Wheezing in children |
1.08 OR for living w/in 150 m of road |
| Nicolai et al. 2003 (58) |
Munich, Germany |
>30,000 veh/d |
Soot, benzene, NO2 |
Traffic counts within 50 m of house |
Asthma, respiratory symptoms, allergy |
1.79 OR for asthma and high traffic volume |
| Gauderman et al. 2005 (65) |
Southern California |
NO2 |
Continuous d |
Asthma, respiratory symptoms |
Increased asthma closer to freeways |
|
| McConnell et al. 2006 (57) |
Southern California |
NA |
NA |
Continuous d |
Asthma |
Large risk for children living w/in 75 m of road |
| Ryan, et al. 2007 (59) |
Cincinnati, Ohio |
> 1,000 trucks/d |
PM2.5 |
400 m |
Wheezing in children |
NA |
| Kim et al. 2004 (60) |
San Francisco |
90,000 – 210,000 veh/d |
PM, BC, NOx |
School sites |
Childhood asthma |
1.07 OR for high levels of NOx |
| Wjst et al. 1993 (68) |
Munich, Germany |
7,000–125,000 veh/d |
NOx, CO |
School sites |
Asthma, bronchitis |
Several statistical associations found |
| Brunekreef et al. 1997 (69) |
Netherlands |
80,000 – 152,000 veh/d |
PM10, NO2 |
Continuousd |
Lung function |
Decreased FEV with proximity to high truck traffic |
| Janssen et al. 2003 (74) |
Netherlands |
30,000–155,000 veh/d |
PM2.5, NO2, benzene |
< 400 m c |
Lung function, respiratory symptoms |
No association with lung function |
| Peters et al. 1999 (82) |
Southern California |
NA |
PM10, NO2 |
NA |
Asthma, bronchitis, cough, wheeze |
1.54 OR of wheeze for boys with exposure to NO2 |
| Brauer et al. 2007 (67) |
Netherlands |
Highways and streets |
PM2.5, NO2, soot |
Modeled exposure |
Asthma, allergy, bronchitis, respiratory symptoms |
Strongest association was with food allergies |
| Visser et al. 2004 (91) |
Amsterdam |
> 10,000 veh/d |
NA |
NA |
Cancer |
Multiple associations |
| Vineis et al. 2006 (87) |
10 Eurpoean countries |
NA |
PM10, NO2, SO2 |
NA |
Cancer |
1.46 OR near heavy traffic, 1.30 OR for high exposure to NO2 |
| Gauderman et al. 2007 (73) |
Southern California |
NA |
PM10, NO2 |
Continuousd |
Lung Function |
Decreased FEV for those living near freeway |
|
aAs defined in article cited (veh/d = vehicles per day; veh/h = vehicles per hour). bUFP = ultrafine particles; FP = fine particles; PM2.5 = particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 um; PM10 = particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 um; BC = black carbon; PPAH = particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; VOCs = volatile organic compounds cPollutant measurements were made along a transect away from the highway dProximity of each participant to a major road was calculated using GIS software eStatistical association between proximity to highway or exposure to traffic-generated pollutants and measured health outcomes NA = not applicable; measurements were not made. | ||||||
Brugge et al. Environmental Health 2007 6:23 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-6-23 |
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