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Cyanotoxins with public health significance from acute exposures |
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| Toxin or toxin group |
Classification by principal target organ systems |
Toxin-producing genera |
LD50(i.p. mouse) |
References |
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| Microcystins |
Hepatotoxins |
Anabaena, Anabaenopsis, Aphanocapsa, Arthrospira, Hapalosiphon, Microcystis, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, Planktothrix, Snowella, Woronichinia |
25->1000 μg/kg |
[10, 19, 26, 125-128] |
| Nodularins |
Hepatotoxins |
Nodularia |
30–60 μg/kg |
[8, 26, 129] |
| Anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a |
Neurotoxins |
Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Arthrospira, Cylindrospermum, Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Planktothrix, Raphidiopsis |
200–375 μg/kg |
[8, 10, 18, 26, 130-135] |
| Anatoxin-a(s) |
Neurotoxin |
Anabaena |
20–40 μg/kg |
[8, 26, 132] |
| Saxitoxins |
Neurotoxins |
Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis, Lyngbya, Planktothrix |
10–30 μg/kg |
[26, 127, 132, 136-140] |
| Cylindrospermopsin |
General cytotoxin (multiple organ systems affected, incl. liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, heart, spleen, thymus, skin) |
Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis, Raphidiopsis, Umezakia |
2.1 mg/kg (24 hours) 200 μg/kg (5–6 days) |
[8, 10, 17, 132, 141-145] |
| Aplysiatoxin, debromoaplysiatoxin |
Dermal toxins; probable gastro-intestinal inflammatory toxin |
Lyngbya |
107–117 μg/kg |
[146-152] |
| Lyngbyatoxin A |
Possible gastro-intestinal inflammatory toxin |
Lyngbya |
250 μg/kg (?LD100) |
[153] |
Stewart et al. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2006 5:6 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-5-6 |
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