|
Relative risks for term low birth weight according to trimester-specific exposure to air pollutants. |
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| Unadjusted* RR (95% CI) |
Adjusted** RR (95%CI) |
Adjusted for Birth Year*** RR (95%CI) |
||
|
|
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| 1stTrimester |
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| O3 |
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| < 25th percentile (referent) |
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| 25 – 50th percentile |
1.15 (0.89, 1.50) |
1.16 (0.88, 1.53) |
1.11 (0.83, 1.47) |
|
| 51 – 75th percentile |
1.11 (0.85, 1.45) |
1.04 (0.79, 1.37) |
1.02 (0.77, 1.36) |
|
| > 75th percentile |
1.06 (1.80, 1.40) |
1.01 (0.75, 1.35) |
1.00 (0.74, 1.34) |
|
| Continuous**** |
1.01 (0.90, 1.14) |
0.98 (0.86, 1.11) |
0.98 (0.86, 1.12) |
|
| SO2 |
||||
| < 25th percentile (referent) |
||||
| 25 – 50th percentile |
0.93 (0.71, 1.22) |
0.96 (0.73, 1.28) |
0.98 (0.74, 1.31) |
|
| 51 – 75th percentile |
1.15 (0.87, 1.52) |
1.18 (0.88, 1.58) |
1.12 (0.84, 1.50) |
|
| > 75th percentile |
1.30 (1.00, 1.67) |
1.36 (1.04, 1.78) |
1.26 (0.96, 1.66) |
|
| Continuous**** |
1.17 (1.02, 1.33) |
1.20 (1.05, 1.38) |
1.15 (1.00, 1.31) |
|
| PM10 |
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| < 25th percentile (referent) |
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| 25 – 50th percentile |
1.24 (0.95, 1.62) |
1.24 (0.94, 1.64) |
1.14 (0.86, 1.52) |
|
| 51 – 75th percentile |
1.25 (0.96, 1.62) |
1.24 (0.95, 1.64) |
1.08 (0.82, 1.44) |
|
| > 75th percentile |
1.28 (1.00, 1.65) |
1.33 (1.02, 1.74) |
1.11 (0.84, 1.48) |
|
| Continuous**** |
1.09 (1.00, 1.18) |
1.09 (1.00, 1.19) |
1.03 (0.94, 1.14) |
|
| 2ndTrimester |
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| O3 |
||||
| < 25th percentile (referent) |
||||
| 25 – 50th percentile |
0.99 (0.76, 1.30) |
0.93 (0.70, 1.23) |
0.90 (0.67, 1.20) |
|
| 51 – 75th percentile |
1.13 (0.87, 1.45) |
1.07 (0.82, 1.40) |
1.07 (0.81, 1.41) |
|
| > 75th percentile |
1.01 (0.76, 1.33) |
0.98 (0.73, 1.31) |
0.98 (0.73, 1.30) |
|
| Continuous**** |
1.03 (0.92, 1.17) |
1.03 (0.91, 1.18) |
1.04 (0.91, 1.18) |
|
| SO2 |
||||
| < 25th percentile (referent) |
||||
| 25 – 50th percentile |
1.14 (0.89, 1.47) |
1.12 (0.86, 1.46) |
1.14 (0.88, 1.49) |
|
| 51 – 75th percentile |
1.05 (0.80, 1.37) |
1.13 (0.85, 1.50) |
1.09 (0.82, 1.45) |
|
| > 75th percentile |
0.92 (0.71, 1.20) |
1.04 (0.79, 1.37) |
0.99 (0.75, 1.32) |
|
| Continuous**** |
0.93 (0.82, 1.05) |
0.99 (0.87, 1.13) |
0.97 (0.85, 1.11) |
|
| PM10 |
||||
| < 25th percentile (referent) |
||||
| 25 – 50th percentile |
0.98 (0.76, 1.28) |
1.02 (0.77, 1.34) |
0.99 (0.75, 1.31) |
|
| 51 – 75th percentile |
1.09 (0.84, 1.40) |
1.16 (0.89, 1.51) |
1.10 (0.84, 1.45) |
|
| > 75th percentile |
1.00 (0.77, 1.28) |
1.09 (0.83, 1.42) |
1.01 (0.76, 1.34) |
|
| Continuous**** |
1.00 (0.91, 1.09) |
1.02 (0.93, 1.12) |
1.00 (0.90, 1.10) |
|
| 3rdTrimester |
||||
| O3 |
||||
| < 25th percentile (referent) |
||||
| 25 – 50th percentile |
0.85 (0.64, 1.13) |
0.89 (0.66, 1.19) |
0.86 (0.64, 1.16) |
|
| 51 – 75th percentile |
0.94 (0.72, 1.22) |
0.95 (0.72, 1.25) |
0.94 (0.71, 1.25) |
|
| > 75th percentile |
0.89 (0.67, 1.18) |
1.01 (0.75, 1.36) |
1.03 (0.76, 1.38) |
|
| Continuous**** |
0.94 (0.83, 1.07) |
1.00 (0.87, 1.15) |
1.01 (0.88, 1.16) |
|
| SO2 |
||||
| < 25th percentile (referent) |
||||
| 25 – 50th percentile |
1.05 (0.82, 1.34) |
1.04 (0.80, 1.34) |
1.03 (0.80, 1.34) |
|
| 51 – 75th percentile |
0.80 (0.60, 1.07) |
0.85 (0.63, 1.15) |
0.81 (0.60, 1.10) |
|
| > 75th percentile |
0.87 (0.68, 1.13) |
0.88 (0.67, 1.15) |
0.82 (0.63, 1.08) |
|
| Continuous**** |
0.91 (0.80, 1.03) |
0.93 (0.81, 1.06) |
0.89 (0.78, 1.02) |
|
| PM10 |
||||
| < 25th percentile (referent) |
||||
| 25 – 50th percentile |
0.93 (0.72, 1.20) |
0.96 (0.73, 1.26) |
0.92 (0.70, 1.21) |
|
| 51 – 75th percentile |
1.07 (0.83, 1.37) |
1.14 (0.88, 1.48) |
1.04 (0.80, 1.36) |
|
| > 75th percentile |
0.92 (0.71, 1.18) |
1.03 (0.79, 1.35) |
0.92 (0.69, 1.22) |
|
| Continuous**** |
0.95 (0.87, 1.05) |
0.99 (0.89, 1.09) |
0.94 (0.85, 1.05) |
|
|
* Unadjusted model has only air pollution and no other covariates ** Adjusted for gender of infant, gestational age, maternal age, parity, smoking during pregnancy, weight change, prior neonatal deaths, prior stillbirth, prior low birth weight and neighborhood family income. *** Adjusted for birth year, gender of infant, gestational age, maternal age, parity, smoking during pregnancy, weight change, prior neonatal deaths, prior stillbirth, prior low birth weight and neighborhood family income. **** RR for continuous model based on inter quartile range | ||||
Dugandzic et al. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2006 5:3 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-5-3 |
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