Table 2

Xenoestrogenic serum activities, estradiol equivalents and lipid adjusted CB-153 and p,p'-DDE in serum of the study groups


Greenland
 Warsaw
 Sweden
 Kharkiv
 ALL*4
 All study group data*5
XER*1RLU/ml serum
 N
 72
 98
 100
 88
 358
 0.003

Median
 2.89
 3.09
 3.04
 3.15
 3.05

Mean
 2.92
 3.30
 3.22
 3.17
 3.17

Min
 1.0
 2.4
 2.4
 1.0
 1.1

Max
 6.0
 6.5
 12
 8.0
 12

% agonist
 1
 21
 12
 14
 -

% antagonist
 35
 5
 12
 17
 -
XER-EEQ pg/g lipid*2
 N
 1♣
 21
 10
 11
 43
 0.63

Median
 -
 103
 76♥
 139
 114

Mean
 -
 166
 161
 179
 171

Min
 -
 44
 50
 80
 44


Max
 -
 516
 364
 580
 580
XER comp*3RLU/ml serum
 N
 72
 94
 94
 88
 348
 < 0.001

Median
 2.65
 2.96
 2.90
 2.88
 2.86

Mean
 2.69
 3.29
 2.89
 2.87
 2.95

Min
 2.0
 1.8
 1.0
 1.1
 1.0

Max
 3.8
 7.0
 6.8
 4.5
 7.0

% add/syn
 1
 13
 3
 1
 -

% antagonist
 71
 7
 19
 30
 -
CB-153 ng/g lipid
 N
 74
 100
 98
 82
 354
 < 0.001

Median
 220
 16
 210
 47
 79

Min
 5.1
 33
 4.1
 5.5
 3.3

Max
 5500
 130
 1500
 200
 5500
DDE ng/g lipid
 N
 74
 100
 98
 82
 354
 < 0.001

Median
 630
 570
 240
 880
 560

Min
 66
 240
 55
 324
 55

Max
 13000
 2100
 2300
 12000
 13000

In the independent assays significant differences between the triple serum extract determinations and their respective solvent controls (% agonists/additive/synergistic) and % antagonists, were tested by the Student's t-test (Microsoft Office Excel, significance level p = 0.05). *1: XER: Xenoestrogenic agonistic or antagonistic activity of serum extract alone: the solvent control = 3.13 RLU/ml serum. % agonistic and % antagonistic indicates the % of samples eliciting a significantly increase or decrease in XER activity compared to solvent control, which was set to 1. *2: XER-estradiol equivalence (XER-EEQ) of the samples eliciting significantly agonistic activity; data calculated by interpolation to the E2 dose response curve using the sigma plot program. ♥ : One Swedish sample was too high to calculate the XER-EEQ. ♣ : One serum sample from Greenland only had an agonistic action, thus no XER-EEQ value is given. *3: XERcomp; XER competitive activity of serum extract + 25 pM 17β-estradiol (E2-EC40); % add/syn: additive/synergistic and % antagonistic indicates the % of samples responding with a further increase or a decrease of the E2-EC40 induced activity, respectively, compared to the E2-EC40 solvent control = 3.13 RLU/ml serum, which was set to 1;. *4: XER activity includes 358 samples, however, only 348 of theses samples were applied to the XERcomp analyses. All of the samples had CB-153 and p,p'-DDE determined. *5: One-way ANOVA (p value) evaluation of the combined study group data except for XER-EEQ including only the European groups. In transformed data was used.

Bonefeld-Jorgensen et al. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2006 5:12   doi:10.1186/1476-069X-5-12