Table 2

Local use of cocaine in the River Po basin and medium-size Italian cities, as estimated from BE levels in waters


Estimated local cocaine use



per 1000 people
per 1000 young adultsa



g/day
no. dosesb/day
g/day
no. dosesb/day

River Po
0.70 ± 0.13c
7.0 ± 1.3c
2.7 ± 0.5c
27 ± 5c
WWTPsd




Cagliari
0.47
4.7
1.7
17
Cuneo
0.21
2.1
0.9
9
Latina
0.73
7.4
2.6
26
Varese
0.32
3.2
1.4
14

0.44 ± 0.23c
4.4 ± 2.3c
1.7 ± 0.7c
17 ± 7c

a15–34 yr old

b1 dose = 100 mg

cMean ± SD

dWaste water treatment plant locations

Zuccato et al. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2005 4:14   doi:10.1186/1476-069X-4-14

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