Table 2

Hazard Comparison: Methylene Chloride and Study Substitutes


Physical Data
Acute Health
Chronic Health
Safety, Physical & Ergonomic
Environmental

Methylene Chloride
Highly volatile, low odor threshold
Central nervous system suppression: headache, dizziness, nausea; dermatitis
Suspect carcinogen, heart problems, liver damage
None observed
Chlorine persistence, Hazardous Air Pollutant; hazardous waste
Alkaline Cleaner
pH: 13-14. Packaged as liquid concentrate
Caustic irritation, Respiratory, skin, eyes
Skin defatting, tissue damage.
Electrical/hot water
Alkaline wastewater, oil and soil waste
N-Methyl Pyrrolidone
Low volatility
Moderate eye and skin irritant
Reproductive toxin: fetal death and abnormalities in second generation of exposed female and male rats. Dermatitis.
None
Hazardous waste, Toxics Release Inventory reporting
Freon 141b
High volatility
Skin and eye irritant. Central nervous system suppression: headache, dizziness, nausea; loss of concentration. Cardiac arrhythmia.
Cardiac arrhythmia; risk of heart attack.
None
Ozone-depleting HCFC (use banned as of 2003); hazardous waste
Dibasic Esters
Low volatility at room temp.; used in heated process.
Respiratory, skin, eyes irritation; blurry vision
None reported
None expected
Moderately toxic to aquatic life
Propylene Glycol
Low volatility at room temp.; used in heated process.
Respiratory and eye irritation at high temperatures
None reported
None expected
None reported
Baking Soda Blast
Slightly basic. Fine powder.
None reported on Material Safety Data Sheets. Probably a mild respiratory irritant.
None reported
Electrical/hot water, noise, physiological load, awkward posture, force, vibration
Non-toxic

Source: Material Safety Data Sheets and NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Jan. 2003

Roelofs and Ellenbecker Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2003 2:9   doi:10.1186/1476-069X-2-9