Table 1

Socio-demographic characteristics of children by blood lead concentration


Blood lead concentration (μg/L)




<100 (N = 242) n(%)
> = 100 (N = 39) n(%)
Total (N = 281) n(%)
P-value

Blood lead concentration (μg/L)




     < 50
59 (24.4)

59 (21.0)

     50 – 99
183 (75.6)

183 (65.1)

     100 – 149

36 (92.3)
36 (12.8)

     159 – 199

3 (7.7)
3 (1.1)

Mean B-Pb (Range)
58.3 (10 – 90)
113.8 (100 – 160)
66.0 (10 – 160)

Age (months)




     11 – 23
125 (51.7)
17 (43.6)
142 (50.5)
0.35
     24 – 44
117 (48.3)
22 (56.4)
139 (49.5)

Mean age (SD)
22.9 (8.6)
24.8 (8.7)
23.1 (8.6)
0.19
Gender




     Males
127(52.5)
21(53.8)
148 (52.7)
0.87
Type of clinic




     Outpatient
170 (70.8)
33 (84.6)
203 (72.8)
0.07
     Private
70 (29.2)
6 (15.4)
76 (27.2)

Mother's Education




     Up to middle school
107 (44.4)
27(69.2)
134(47.9)
0.004
     Secondary and above
134 (55.6)
12(30.8)
146(52.1)

Father's Education




     Up to middle school
109(45.6)
29(74.4)
138(49.6)
0.001
     Secondary and above
130(54.4)
10(25.6)
140 (50.4)

Mother's work




     Housewife
200 (82.6)
34 (87.2)
234 (83.3)
0.009
     Non-manual
39 (16.1)
2 (5.1)
41 (14.6)

     Manual
3 (1.2)
3 (7.7)
6 (2.1)

Father's work




     Non-manual*
137(56.8)
9 (23.1)
146(52.1)
0.001
     Manual
104(43.2)
30(76.9)
134(47.9)

Number of siblings




     0
81(33.5)
12(30.8)
93(33.1)
0.84
     1–2
118(48.8)
21(53.8)
139(49.5)

     >= 3
43(17.8)
6(15.4)
49(17.4)

Family monthly income (US $)




     < 200
11 (4.5)
5 (12.8)
16 (5.7)
0.004
     200 – 499
99 (40.9)
17 (43.6)
116 (41.3)

     500 – 999
71 (29.3)
16(41.0)
87(31.0)

     >= 1000
61 (25.2)
1 (2.6)
62 (22.1)


Note: Missing data in some variables. * Non-manual includes 4 who are not working.

Nuwayhid et al. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2003 2:5   doi:10.1186/1476-069X-2-5