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Table 1
Exclusion criteria used to identify at-risk population*
	*Description*	*ICD-9 (CPT) Codes*^†

1	Heart Failure	428–428.9
2	Bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema	490–492.8
3	Pulmonary hypertension, embolism and other pulmonary heart disease	415–416.9
4	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	496
5	ER visit or hospital admission for primary asthma diagnosis	493–493.91
6	Occupational asthma diagnosis	504–507, 495.8, 507.8
7	Asthma diagnosis AND outpatient nebulization treatment	493–493.91 AND (94640)
8	Ordered second line asthma medications^‡
9	Any asthma diagnosis AND ordered oral steroids	493–493.91
10	Asthma diagnosis AND ordered 4 or more MDIs^¶	493–493.91

* Exclusion criteria were applied to records for the 12 months preceding the index month. ^†International Classification of Diseases 9^thEdition and Current Procedural Terminology codes; ^‡Second line medications included cromolyn, necrodomyl, aerosolized steroids, theophylline, oral or nebulized Beta-agonists, and leukotriene inhibitors; ^¶MDI= Beta-agonist metered dose inhaler.
Sama et al. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2003 2:10 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-2-10

Table 1